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Home > Contributing Author

Professor Thomas Wälde (†)

T.W. Wälde (†)
Professor Thomas Wälde (†)
CEPMLP, University of Dundee

Articles(s) by this author

Profile

It is with great sadness that we have to inform you that Professor Thomas Wälde passed away on October 11 2008 at his holiday residence in the south of France.

Scholar, Mediator, Arbitrator, Expert Witness and Arbitration / Litigation Adviser

Thomas Wälde was a specialist in international investment, economic, oil, gas, energy and mineral law, with a particular focus on arbitration in these fields. Former Interregional Adviser on Petroleum, Mineral & Investment Law with the United Nations and Executive Director of the Dundee University Centre for Energy, Petroleum and Mineral Law & Policy. Dr. iur (summa cum laude) Frankfurt), LL.M. (Harvard), Rechtsanwalt (Frankfurt) & Barrister (Lincoln's Inn & Essex Court Chambers, London) Professor (and Jean-Monnet Chair) of International Economic, Natural Resources & Energy Law.

Practice 2002 - 2008

Frequent expert witness, litigation consultant and expert counsel, arbitrator and mediator in large, complex cross-border disputes in the oil, gas, energy and mining industries (including finance and infrastructure).

  • Appointed as arbitrator in investment disputes under NAFTA Chapter XI and BITs, includes:
    • Thunderbird v Mexico (NAFTA Chapter XI, Uncitral Rules; Gam(bl)ing investment; appointed by investor)
    • K+ v. Czech Republic (appointed by state; BIT, Uncitral Rules): settled
    • arbitrator in a commercial dispute concerning a mining project in South-East Asia
    • arbitrator in CAFTA-based investment disputes in the electricity industry (Claimant X v Country Z)
  • Mediation: 500 M $ dispute between mining company and Caribbean country (Falcondo-Dominican Republic) (settled); between private oil companies (on disputes relating to bank guarantee and operator position in Joint Operating Agreement (settled) ; recommended by ICC as mediator in dispute over management of joint venture; settled by parties) ; in 1 BN US £ dispute between the leading Swedish and Polish energy companies (Vattenfall-PSE) (settled)
  • Proposed or nominated as arbitrator in several other cases, including resources and energy-related concession disputes, but declined due to possibility of conflict
  • Expert Witness before international arbitration tribunals (ICSID, Energy Charter Treaty; Bilateral investment treaties; contract-based arbitration in the field of oil and gas, mining, electricity/energy; utility & infrastructure with a particular focus on tax matters), domestic courts (US, English, Kazakh) and conciliation panels. Includes (as a rule expert opinion with cross-examination except if waived):
    • Duke v Peru (ICSID): international and comparative tax law, tax avoidance rules, international investment law
    • Glamis v US (NAFTA Ch XI): comparative mining law, mine reclamation best practices, indirect expropriation, fair and equitable treatment, interaction between international human rights, cultural heritage and indigenous peoples' instruments and NAFTA Chapter XI
    • Petrocon v India (Uncitral rules): tax issues relating to petroleum additional profits (rate-of-return) tax, de-commissioning cost, accounting treatment of "carry" of state oil company: Tribunal followed opinion on accounting of state enterprise "carry"
    • Nykomb v Latvia (Energy Charter Treaty, SCC arbitration in Stockholm): national treatment, umbrella clause, indirect expropriation, ratio temporis issues: Tribunal followed opinion; cross-examination waived by respondent
    • Petrobart v Kirgizstan: Concept of "investment" under Energy Charter Treaty: Tribunal applied wide concept of "investment" as explained in expert opinion
    • US oil company v OPEC country, equilibrium clause in production-sharing contracts, stabilisation clause practice, invokability of equilibrium clause by state petroleum company: Conciliation panel suggests settlement
    • Plama v Bulgaria: Disclosure obligations by claimant in Energy Charter Treaty arbitration: Claimant added disclosure
    • Yukos v Deutsche Bank et.al.: Russian foreign investment law; arbitration consent; Energy Charter Treaty. Houston federal court qualified opinion as "plausible"
    • Several extradition cases against Yukos senior executives in London: Assessment of Russian tax prosecution against Yukos in light of international and comparative tax law; transfer pricing and application of anti-avoidance concepts; bankruptcy procedure; political economy and background of Russian petroleum policy: English court followed opinion
    • Arbitration between two very large oil companies: Force majeure, res judicata and tax matters (no award yet)
    • International oil company v Central Asian country (domestic tax court): Recognition of overhead costs as part of production-sharing contract cost recovery (domestic tax court followed expert opinion)
    • UK tax matter: Qualification of production-sharing contract
    • Very large international oil company v US tax authorities: qualification of UK additional profits' tax for tax credit purposes: Very large international oil company prevailed before US tax court
    • Contract-based dispute between two African oil companies: Assignment of Joint Operating Agreement
    • Expert opinion for leading EU energy company in 40 Bn Euro intra-EU acquisition offer (applicability of Energy Charter Treaty to host state discriminatory practice): EU Commission modified its infringement procedure
    • Calculation of corporate overhead in context of cost recovery of production-sharing contract: Expert opinion submitted for Maersk Petroleum to domestic tax court in Central Asian country (court followed expert opinion)
    • Qualification of oil and gas development contract for UK accounting purposes for significant UK oil company
    • "denial of benefit" under Art. 17 ECT and other investment treaties
    • Other on-going and confidential disputes
  • Litigation adviser (expert counsel) in several large-scale international arbitration cases, mainly investment and commercial (in oil, gas and energy primarily). Testing and design of legal argument; mock-trial; education of younger arbitration counsel; identification and assessment of candidates for arbitrator and chair appointments and of expert witnesses; organisation of internal brainstorming sessions to test strength of case and argument; coordination between related arbitrations
  • Adviser to most relevant international organisations, including World Bank, UN, Unctad, UN / ECE, EC Commission, APEC, OPEC, IEA, IUCN on energy (including renewable) law, dispute resolution mechanisms, legislative reform
  • Adviser to governments, international companies and industry associations on:
    • Upstream oil and gas contracts
    • Mining (inclusive diamond) tax (royalty, stabilisation provisions) - South Africa (Chamber of Mines and corporate clients)
    • Infrastructure concession law reform, tender regulations, model terms
    • Tax matters
    • Coverage of loans under investment treaties
    • Renegotiation, stabilisation & equilibrium clauses
    • Structuring of investment to maximise investment treaty coverage
    • Legislative reform
    • Assessment and preparation of case for arbitration - minimum investment obligation under production-sharing contracts

Experience and Prior Practice (before 2002)

  • Research Assistant ICJ Judge (Professor) Richard Baxter and Detlev Vagts, Harvard Law School (1972-74); Research Fellow, Institute for International Economic Law, Frankfurt; initiative and design for research group on international mineral law (1974-1976, 1978-89)
  • From 1976-1990: Specialised legal adviser roles in United Nations system with increasing responsibilities:
    • UN Centre on Transnational Corporations (now: Unctad Division on International Investment): research, publication and participation in technical assistance in the field of international regulation of foreign investment
    • UNIDO: Long-Term Consultant on legal instruments for foreign investment and transactions in industry
    • UN/DTCD: Interregional Adviser on Petroleum, Mineral and International Investment Law: Advisory services on legislative reform, negotiation of contracts with foreign companies, privatisation, resolution of disputes; organisation of international conferences; drafting of authoritative UN guidelines (e.g. on environmental regulation of mining); of UN Secretary-General Reports (on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources, Permanent Sovereignty over National Resources in Occupied Palestinian Territories); organisation of training and technical assistance; fund-raising; management of multi-disciplinary investment promotion teams with an annual budget of over 5 M US$ (in 1990)
  • From 1990 to 2002: Executive Director, CEPMLP/Dundee: Developed from 4 to 150 graduate students, income and budget increased by 80 times over ten years; CEPMLP obtained in 2004 Queen's award for enterprise for the achievement in terms of growth, quality and reputation; responsibility for management of about 50 academic and administrative staff and external partners; 150+ graduate students; extensive professional & executive training, fund-raising, conference and consultancy programmes; budget of over 2 M £; experience included extensive financial restructuring and budget control mechanisms.
  • From 1980 to 2003: Design, Acquisition, Management and Delivery of Advisory Services to about 70 governments, many companies and all relevant international organisations throughout the world, including large-scale consultancy services under the EU Tacis, Phare and Synergie-Programmes

Countries Worked in

Includes: Mali, Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Burkina Faso, Colombia, Peru, Guyana, Trinidad, Cayman Islands, St Lucia; Haiti, Latvia, Poland, Sweden, Lithuania, Estonia, Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Georgia, Kirgizstan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Albania, Venezuela, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, Tunisia, Niger, Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Kenya, Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, Paraguay, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, Vietnam, China, US, Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Bhutan, Pakistan, Iran, , Serbia, Laos, Surinam, Dominican Republic, Oman, Lithuania, Estonia et.al. Negotiated and managed negotiation assistance inter alia in several investment projects related to coal (Colombia), gold (Mali), Guyana (uranium) - all led to completed transaction.

Professional Appointments, Positions & Recognition

  • Panel (energy - natural resources/environment) of international arbitrators appointed by the Secretary General of the Permanent Court of International Arbitration;
  • Energy arbitrators list, AAA;
  • Member of Institut pour l'Arbitrage International (IAIP)
  • quot;Special member" (since 2006) of the Association of International Petroleum Negotiators (AIPN);
  • International Bar Association (oil&gas, mining, utilities and commercial arbitration committees);
  • London International Court of Arbitration;
  • DIS (German Institute of Arbitration);
  • Expert Panel, International Centre for Dispute Resolution (energy arbitrators' panel); International Law Association (Foreign Investment Law Committee; reporter on compensation/damages and taxation);
  • American Society of International Law;
  • Consultative member (Investment Treaty Forum), British Institute of International & Comparative Law;
  • Advisory Board, Columbia University Program on International Investment Commission for Settlement in Arbitration, Centre for Int'l Dispute Resolution;
  • Named in several guides (Euromoney, Who's Who in International Arbitration) as leading international energy lawyer, one of three arbitrators in Scotland mentioned;
  • Who's Who in International Law (E. Lauterpacht) 2007;
  • Keynote speaker, speaker, commentator and session chair at 10-25 professional, industry and academic conferences per year;
  • Visiting Professor (Universite de Paris II (Pantheon-Assas); American University (Washington DC);
  • Fellow CEPS (Brussels);
  • Former Chair of Natural Resources/Energy Law Trust;
  • Frequent Assessor and PhD examiner at universities in the UK, EU, US, Australia and Nigeria;
  • Energy Working Group, IUCN Commission on Environmental Law;
  • Director of Research, 2004 Hague Academy for International Law Research Seminar on International Investment Law;
  • Academic Council, Institute of Transnational Arbitration;
  • World Energy Council, Task Force on Energy Investment & Trade;

Editorships

  • Moderator & owner of OGEMID (oil-gas-energy-mining-investment disputes) and OGELFORUM (energy-natural resources), the two leading international electronic admission/subscription-only discussion forums
  • Editor, OGEL (Oil Gas Energy Law Intelligence: Journal - Archive)
  • Editor, TDM (Transnational Dispute Management: Journal - Archive)
  • Editor (1992-2007) Journal of Energy & Natural Resources Law
  • Editor (2007-2008) Oxford University Press / AIPN Journal of World Energy Law & Business
  • Editor of the series "International Natural Resources & Energy Law and Policy (Kluwer)
  • Corresponding Editor responsible for natural resources/energy and international investment of International Legal Materials
  • Associate Editor of the Journal of World Trade (to 2008) and the Journal of World Investment & Trade.
  • Editor for legal matters of the (UN) Natural Resources Forum (1981-1991). Editorial Board of Business Law International (Published by the International Bar Association)
  • Russian Oil, Gas & Energy Law Journal
  • Brazilian Oil, Gas & Energy Law Journal

Languages

English, German, French, Spanish; Italian; some Russian & Arabic

Paper

Chapter 8 "Equality of Arms" in Investment Arbitration: Procedural Challenges by Thomas W. Wälde is made available on TDM with kind permission of Oxford University Press. The chapter comes from the book Arbitration Under International Investment Agreements: A Guide to the Key Issues. Edited by Katia Yannaca-Small, Oxford University Press, 2010. 790 pages. ISBN: 978-0-19-534069-3.

Links

  • www.cepmlp.org
  • www.transnational-dispute-management.com
  • www.ogel.org
  • www.essexcourt.net
  • jwelb.oxfordjournals.org

OGEL Articles

Article(s) by this author:
(Most recent first)

The Role of Arbitration in the Globalisation of Energy Markets: Perspective in the Year 2000

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 3 (2008)

Renegotiating Oil & Gas Investment: "Investor Responses & Remedies"

International Contracts
OGEL 4 (2007)

Managing Oil & Gas Investment Risk

International Contracts
OGEL 4 (2007)

History of International Oil & Gas Disputes (Presentation)

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 4 (2007)

International Investment Disputes: Oil, Gas & Energy (Presentation)

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 2 (2007)

Oil & Gas Arbitration - Some Historical Background and Current Significance (Presentation)

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 2 (2007)

Islam, Oil and Security - From the Gulf to the Caspian (Presentation)

Geopolitics of Energy
OGEL 2 (2007)

Investment Arbitration and Sustainable Development: Good Intentions - or Effective Results?

The Energy Charter Treaty
OGEL 2 (2007)

International Unitisation of Oil and Gas Fields: the Legal Framework of International Law, National Laws, and Private Contracts

Unitisation and JDZs
OGEL 2 (2007)

Editorial, Volume V, issue #02 - April 2007

Editorial
OGEL 2 (2007)

US Foreign Oil Policy since World War I - For Profits and Security, Stephen Randall (book review)

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 4 (2006)

Efficient Management of Transnational Disputes: Case Study of a Successful Interconnector Dispute Resolution

Electricity Interconnectors
OGEL 2 (2006)

International Energy Trade and Access to Energy Networks

Electricity Interconnectors
OGEL 2 (2006)

Interpretation of case C-17/03 - between a categorical prohibition or a case-to-case approach

Electricity Interconnectors
OGEL 2 (2006)

Electricity Interconnectors - a Serious Challenge for EC Competition Law

Electricity Interconnectors
OGEL 2 (2006)

Poverty eradication and energy

Economic and Commercial Context for Oil, Gas and Energy Law
OGEL 3 (2005)

Looking backwards: Forecasts on the Russian oil industry made in 1994

Looking Back
OGEL 3 (2005)

Editorial, Volume III, issue #03 - October 2005

Editorial
OGEL 3 (2005)

The Smartest Guys in the Room: The Amazing Rise and Scandalous Fall of Enron, a book review

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 2 (2005)

Can states unilaterally impose additional royalties?

Taxation
OGEL 2 (2005)

Editorial, Volume III, issue #02 - June 2005

Editorial
OGEL 2 (2005)

Expert Opinion: Yukos and The Russian Federation

Russian Disputes
OGEL 1 (2005)

Oil, Corruption and Development

Good Governance
OGEL 1 (2005)

"The Sakhalin II PSA - a Production 'Non-Sharing' Agreement", a comment on the NGO report

Production Sharing Contracts
OGEL 1 (2005)

Editorial, Volume III, issue #01 - March 2005

Editorial
OGEL 1 (2005)

Energy Charter Treaty-based Investment Arbitration - Controversial Issues

The Energy Charter Treaty
OGEL 5 (2004)

Legal and Policy Implications of a Relationship of Two International Treaties in Natural Energy Resources: OPEC and the ECT

The Energy Charter Treaty
OGEL 5 (2004)

Editorial, Volume II, issue #05 - December 2004

Editorial
OGEL 5 (2004)

The First Energy Charter Treaty Arbitral Award

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 4 (2004)

The Role of International "Soft Law" in Natural Resources and Energy Investment

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)
OGEL 4 (2004)

Editorial, Volume II, issue #04 - October 2004

Editorial
OGEL 4 (2004)

Investment Arbitration as a Discipline for Good Governance: Overview and Epilogue

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 2 (2004)

Transparency, Amicus Curiae Briefs and Third Party Rights

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 2 (2004)

Editorial, Volume II, issue #02 - April 2004

Editorial
OGEL 2 (2004)

Dealing in Virtue: International Commercial Arbitration and the Construction of a Transnational Legal Order

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2004)

United States (US) Court of Appeals Fifth Circuit: Bridas et al v Government of Turkmenistan et al (9 September 2003)

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 1 (2004)

American Arbitration Association ('AAA'): Bechtel Enterprises International Ltd, et al v Overseas Private Investment Corporation (AAA Case No. 50 T195) (3 September 2003)

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 1 (2004)

Flow-Through of Damages from Host State Subsidiary to Foreign Parent?

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 1 (2004)

Vattenfall and Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne establish Flexible, Market-based operation of the Interconnection faciliated by mediation

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 1 (2004)

Managing International OGEMI-Investment Disputes (Presentation)

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 1 (2004)

NATURAL RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: From 'Good Intentions' to 'Good Consequences'

In the Spotlight
OGEL 1 (2004)

Editorial, Volume II, issue #01 - February 2004

Editorial
OGEL 1 (2004)

Book Review: Sharing Transboundary Resources: International Law and Optimal Resource Use by Eyal Benvenisti

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 5 (2003)

Does the Offshore Oil Industry in Scotland have a Future?

Roundup of Articles
OGEL 5 (2003)

Bechtel, BEN Dabhol and Capital India Power Mauritius v OPIC, AAA Arbitral award, Case 50 TI 95 -509 02: Case Comment

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 5 (2003)

The Lex Mercatoria in the Global Economy

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 5 (2003)

Is the Treatment of the 'umbrella' or 'pacta sunt servanda' clause in the SGS v Pakistan jurisdictional decision (2003) correct? A case comment

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 5 (2003)

OGEL Profile No 7: The International Monetary Fund (IMF)

OGEL Profiles
OGEL 5 (2003)

OGEL Profile No 6: World Bank (including IBRD, IDA, IFC, ICSID, MIGA)

OGEL Profiles
OGEL 5 (2003)

International Institutional Arrangements Bundling the Forces – But How?

In the Spotlight
OGEL 5 (2003)

Energy in the Draft EU Constitutional Treaty

In the Spotlight
OGEL 5 (2003)

Energy Law and Sustainable Development, IUCN Environmental Policy and Law Paper No 47, 2003

Environment
OGEL 4 (2003)

Pro-Active Mediation of International Business and Investment Disputes Involving Long-Term Contracts: From Zero-Sum Litigation to Efficient Dispute Management

Roundup of Articles
OGEL 4 (2003)

International Energy Law: Concepts, Context and Players: A Preliminary Introduction

Roundup of Articles
OGEL 4 (2003)

International Organisations in the Energy Sector, No 4: The Organisation for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD)

OGEL Profiles
OGEL 4 (2003)

Arbitration in the Oil, Gas and Energy Field: Emerging Energy Charter Treaty Practice

In the Spotlight
OGEL 4 (2003)

The CME v Czech Republic Investment Arbitration Saga

Cases & Commentaries
OGEL 3 (2003)

Comment on the Karaha Bodas arbitration (breach of a long-term power purchase agreement)

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 3 (2003)

From a drafting proposal by Thomas Wälde for UNCTAD's 2003 World Investment Report

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 3 (2003)

Comment: International Dimension of EU Energy Law and Policy

OGEL Profiles
OGEL 3 (2003)

International Organisations in the Energy Sector, No 3: The European Union

OGEL Profiles
OGEL 3 (2003)

Editorial, Volume I, issue #03 - July 2003

Editorial
OGEL 3 (2003)

Law of International Business and Dispute Settlement in the 21 Century - Liber Amicorum for Karl-Heinz Boeckstiegel, R. Briner et.al

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 2 (2003)

The mediation process, Practical Strategies for Resolving Conflict, 2nd edition, by Christopher Moore

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 2 (2003)

Read and commented for OGEL by Thomas Wälde

Cases & Commentaries
OGEL 2 (2003)

Wena Hotels v Egypt

Cases & Commentaries
OGEL 2 (2003)

ICSID 'Annulment Committee'

Cases & Commentaries
OGEL 2 (2003)

Investment Arbitration under the Energy Charter Treaty in the light of new NAFTA Precedents: Towards a Global Code of Conduct for Economic Regulation

International Oil, Gas & Energy Dispute Management
OGEL 2 (2003)

Renegotiation and Contract Adaptation in the International Investment Projects: Applicable Legal Principles and Industry Practices

Roundup of Articles
OGEL 2 (2003)

Methods for Settling Boundary Disputes: Escaping from the Fetters of Zero-Sum Outcomes

Roundup of Articles
OGEL 2 (2003)

International Organisations in the Energy Sector, OPEC

OGEL Profiles
OGEL 2 (2003)

Mediation/Alternative Dispute Resolution in Oil, Gas and Energy Transactions: Superior to Arbitration/Litigation from a Commercial and Management Perspective

In the Spotlight
OGEL 2 (2003)

The Art of Decision Making: Mirrors of Imagination, Masks of Fate

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2003)

Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, Vols I-IV (1992-2000)

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2003)

The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists’ Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2003)

The Indonesian Production Sharing Contract, An Investor’s Perspective

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2003)

World Investment Report 2001: Promoting Linkages

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2003)

Liber Amicorum Ibrahim F I Shihata

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2003)

The ICSID Convention: A Commentary

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2003)

Power and Prosperity: Outgrowing Communist and Capitalist Dictatorships

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2003)

International Economic Law, 3rd edition

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2003)

The US-Iran Claims Tribunal

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2003)

Souveraineté Etatique et Marches Internationaux à la Fin du 20ième Siècle, A propos de 30 ans de recherché du Credimi, Melanges en l’honneur de Philippe Kahn

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2003)

Schiedsverfahren Zwischen Staaten und Investoren nach Art 26 energiechartavertrag

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2003)

Oil and Gas Infrastructure and Midstream Agreements

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2003)

Seabed Energy and Minerals: the International Legal Regime, Vol 3, Selected Documents

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2003)

Energy Law and Regulation in the European Union

Book Reviews and Related Material
OGEL 1 (2003)

Mihaly v Sri Lanka, 41 International Legal Materials 862 (2002), Case No ARB/00/2 (15 March 2002)

Digests for Official Reports & Cases
OGEL 1 (2003)

The International Energy Agency (IEA)

OGEL Profiles
OGEL 1 (2003)

An Iraqi Scenario: Impact of fundamental regime change in Iraq on acquired and new contractual titles in the Iraq oil industry

In the Spotlight
OGEL 1 (2003)

Why OGEL - an Oil-Gas-Energy Law Intelligence Service?

Editorial
OGEL 1 (2003)

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International Sanctions on Petroleum Producing Countries vis-à-vis Private Investments: A Comparison Between Iran, Russia, and Venezuela

7 Jun 2023

E.G. Pereira, O.S. Kirillova, D. Moin, S.F. Ojagh, W.A. Clavijo Vitto, J.V.M. Cardoso, F. Delgado de Jesus, S.G. Balliram, E. Charles, T. Affonso

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Looking into the Policy, Legal and Institutional Framework of the New EU Energy Platform

2 May 2023

E. Bonafé, S. Suciu

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Application of Business Frameworks to Evaluate Growth Strategies for Indigenous Companies in the Upstream Oil & Gas Sector: A Case Study for Ghana and Ivory Coast

16 Mar 2023

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