Communities and NGOS as New Political Risks for Oil and Gas Investors: A Case Study of Nigeria.
Article from: OGEL 1 (2004), in Roundup of Articles
Introduction
The last two decades of the twentieth century witnessed an unprecedented expansion of the classes of political risks in transnational investment beyond the traditional risks of currency transfer difficulties, unilateral variation of contracted terms, expropriation / nationalization, and war/civil disturbances. New risks that have emerged include environmental risk, economic sanctions, host community action, globalization, infrastructure / regulatory risk, corruption, and international terrorism, amongst others. However, in this article, we are concerned about the roles that ...