Introduction

A cross-border pipeline is a pipeline which has its origin (at either the wellhead or the interconnect to another pipeline system) in one nation and which traverses one or more other nations along its route. Structurally, the cross-border pipeline may adopt either of two models: (a) it may be a series of connected domestic pipelines which are each treated as separate and distinct assets. Each domestic pipeline will be governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which it is located, will commonly be owned and operated by different parties and the terms and conditions of using each ...