Abstract

The dilemma of energy and environment is a matter of great concern for any resource-rich developing country, let alone for Iraq having the fifth largest proven oil reserves in the world. Waking up from the past four decades of war and conflicts, and faced with the continuing acute political tensions, sectarian divides and violence, and future uncertainties, Iraq has thus a tremendous challenge in hand for the sustainable development of its such vast reserves of oil and gas along the lines of international law standards and norms. This is more so at a time when the reconstruction ...