Introduction

In the contemporary period, the concept of energy security has emerged as a cornerstone of both national and international policy, acquiring paramount importance due to its intricate links with economic stability, environmental sustainability, and geopolitical dynamics. The pivotal role of energy systems, which serve as the lifeblood of global economies, cannot be overstated. These systems not only fuel industries and power urban centers but also enable the execution of essential daily activities. The increasing demand for energy, set against the backdrop of geopolitically limited ...