Background and Context

On 21 May 2025, the EFTA Court delivered its Advisory Opinion on The Norwegian State v Greenpeace Nordic, Nature and Youth Norway (Norway v Greenpeace). This case deals with a request for clarification regarding the interpretation of the scope of Article 3(1) of the Directive 2011/92/EU on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (the EIA Directive). In particular, the case dealt with whether this provision imposes an obligation to assess the impact on climate from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions arising from not only the project ...