Summary

KATSAS, Circuit Judge: In 2010, Venezuela expropriated assets of the Venezuelan subsidiary of a United States energy company. The assets are now operated by a state-owned Venezuelan energy company. The American company sued in the United States and invoked the expropriation exception to foreign sovereign immunity. The Venezuelan company moved to dismiss based on immunity, lack of personal jurisdiction, and the act-of-state doctrine. The district court rejected all of these defenses and denied the motion to dismiss. We affirm across the board.